https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47796 Tue 31 Jan 2023 15:32:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41699 PTGS2, BMP2 and NAMPT was determined by reverse transcription-coupled quantitative real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequential double ChIP were performed to determine the levels and co-occurrence of activating histone-3, lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone-3, lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at the gene promoters. H3K4 methyltransferase, H3K27me3 demethylase and H3K27 methyltransferase expression was determined by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. PTGS2, BMP2 and NAMPT expression was upregulated robustly between early pregnancy and term (P < 0.05). The promoters were marked bivalently by both the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications. Bivalence was reduced at term by the decrease of the H3K27me3-modified fraction of promoter copies marked by H3K4me3 indicating epigenetic activation. Messenger RNAs encoding the H3K4-specific methyl transferases MLL1,-2,-3,-4, SETD1A,-B and the H3K27me3-specific demethylases KDM6A,-B were expressed increasingly while the H3K27 methyl transferase EZH2 was expressed decreasingly at term. Histone modifying enzyme proteins were detected in amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells. These results with prototypical proinflammatory genes suggest that nucleosomes at labour-promoting genes are marked bivalently in the amnion, which is shifted towards monovalent H3K4me3 modification at term when the genes are upregulated. Bivalent epigenetic regulation by histone modifying enzymes may control the timing of labour.]]> Thu 11 Aug 2022 14:00:32 AEST ]]>